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ilO.IUO^ NEW MEXICO COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND MECHANICARTS AND AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION ! ' P." * Press Bulletin 1002 (906 revised) "''.>.'?.- - jfl ,<4* EXTERNAL PARASITES OF POULTRY AND THEIR CONTROL "^""W--^* Many kinds of external parasites are known to infest poultry. The list includes lice, mites, ticks, and fleas, together with other less important forms. The total loss caused by these parasites is enormous and their control presents a practical problem wherever fowls are kept. Lice The louse is the most common of these parasites. It is a small, flattened insect seldom over 3/l6 inch in length and yellowish or gray in color. These insects show considerable variation in form and structure, depending upon the part of the body which they inhabit. In all, some 40 or 50 species of these insects have been found on fowls. They are not blood-sucking parasites but have biting or cutting mouth parts with which they feed upon bits of feathers and scales from the skin. Their entire life cycle is spent on the body of the host. Therefore, any method of control, to be successful, must be one which treats the individual bird. Furthermore, since most materials used to kill the lice do not prevent the eggs—or nits, as they are called—from hatching, and do not last long enough to kill the young lice which hatch from the eggs that are on the fowl at the time the material is applied, a follow-up treatment is necessary in about ten days. Fortunately, it is not necessary to use a different method of treatment to destroy the different species of lice, as with few exceptions the various methods of control are effective against all species. There are four important methods which may be used in controlling lice. They are dusting, dipping, greasing, and fumigating. Claims have been made to the effect that lice could be controlled by means of various substances placed in the drinking water. However, the work of Parman and others in the United States Department of Agriculture has shown that all of these claims are without foundation. Dusting is one of the common methods for controlling body lice and if properly done, using suitable materials, it is economical and effective. Sodium fluoride is recognized as one of the best materials. In applying it a small amount of the powder is dusted among the feathers on the breast, fluff, back, and head, and under the wings. The powder may be applied from a can with a perforated top or it may be applied by the "pinch method." One pound of powder will treat about 100 hens. The treatment should be repeated every week or ten days until the fowls are free of the parasites. The Florida Experiment Station reports excellent control from dusting with ordinary commercial dusting sulphur. The procedure is as follows: (1) The floors and nests in the houses are given a generous dusting with sulphur. (2) The soil of the poultry yards is treated at the rate of two pounds of sulphur per hundred square feet. (3) For a period of three weeks the dry mash fed contains five percent of fine sulphur. This latter measure, it appears, is of value because the birds' head and neck feathers become impregnated with the sulphur during feeding. Dipping.—Sodium fluoride is also the recommended material for dipping. This practice is not used so commonly as the other methods, as dipping can be carried out only under favorable weather conditions; and furthermore, dipping does not seem to be a very suitable treatment for birds. The dipping solution is made by using lukewarm water to which has been added sodium fluoride at the rate of 1 ounce to each gallon of water. Each bird is submerged in this solution, and held there for a few seconds while the feathers are thoroughly ruffled so that the solution may penetrate to the
Object Description
Title | External parasites of poultry and their control |
Series Designation | Press bulletin 1002 |
Description | Press bulletin containing general information on various poultry parasites and control methods. |
Subject | Poultry--Parasites; disease and pest management (NAL); |
Creator | Berry, Leroy N.; |
Date Original | 1945-04-19 |
Digital Publisher | New Mexico State University Library |
Rights | Copyright, NMSU Board of Regents. |
Collection | NMSU Cooperative Extension Service and Agricultural Experiment Station Publications |
Source | Scan produced from physical item held by the NMSU Library. |
Type | Text |
Format | image/tiff |
Language | eng |
Page Description
Title | Page 1 |
Series Designation | Press bulletin 1002 |
Subject | Poultry--Parasites; disease and pest management (NAL); |
Creator | Berry, Leroy N.; |
Date Original | 1945-04-19 |
Digital Publisher | New Mexico State University Library |
Rights | Copyright, NMSU Board of Regents. |
Collection | NMSU Cooperative Extension Service and Agricultural Experiment Station Publications |
Digital Identifier | UAAPp001002_001 |
Is Part Of | External parasites of poultry and their control |
Source | Scan produced from physical item held by the NMSU Library. |
Type | Text |
Format | image/tiff |
Language | eng |
OCR | ilO.IUO^ NEW MEXICO COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND MECHANICARTS AND AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION ! ' P." * Press Bulletin 1002 (906 revised) "''.>.'?.- - jfl ,<4* EXTERNAL PARASITES OF POULTRY AND THEIR CONTROL "^""W--^* Many kinds of external parasites are known to infest poultry. The list includes lice, mites, ticks, and fleas, together with other less important forms. The total loss caused by these parasites is enormous and their control presents a practical problem wherever fowls are kept. Lice The louse is the most common of these parasites. It is a small, flattened insect seldom over 3/l6 inch in length and yellowish or gray in color. These insects show considerable variation in form and structure, depending upon the part of the body which they inhabit. In all, some 40 or 50 species of these insects have been found on fowls. They are not blood-sucking parasites but have biting or cutting mouth parts with which they feed upon bits of feathers and scales from the skin. Their entire life cycle is spent on the body of the host. Therefore, any method of control, to be successful, must be one which treats the individual bird. Furthermore, since most materials used to kill the lice do not prevent the eggs—or nits, as they are called—from hatching, and do not last long enough to kill the young lice which hatch from the eggs that are on the fowl at the time the material is applied, a follow-up treatment is necessary in about ten days. Fortunately, it is not necessary to use a different method of treatment to destroy the different species of lice, as with few exceptions the various methods of control are effective against all species. There are four important methods which may be used in controlling lice. They are dusting, dipping, greasing, and fumigating. Claims have been made to the effect that lice could be controlled by means of various substances placed in the drinking water. However, the work of Parman and others in the United States Department of Agriculture has shown that all of these claims are without foundation. Dusting is one of the common methods for controlling body lice and if properly done, using suitable materials, it is economical and effective. Sodium fluoride is recognized as one of the best materials. In applying it a small amount of the powder is dusted among the feathers on the breast, fluff, back, and head, and under the wings. The powder may be applied from a can with a perforated top or it may be applied by the "pinch method." One pound of powder will treat about 100 hens. The treatment should be repeated every week or ten days until the fowls are free of the parasites. The Florida Experiment Station reports excellent control from dusting with ordinary commercial dusting sulphur. The procedure is as follows: (1) The floors and nests in the houses are given a generous dusting with sulphur. (2) The soil of the poultry yards is treated at the rate of two pounds of sulphur per hundred square feet. (3) For a period of three weeks the dry mash fed contains five percent of fine sulphur. This latter measure, it appears, is of value because the birds' head and neck feathers become impregnated with the sulphur during feeding. Dipping.—Sodium fluoride is also the recommended material for dipping. This practice is not used so commonly as the other methods, as dipping can be carried out only under favorable weather conditions; and furthermore, dipping does not seem to be a very suitable treatment for birds. The dipping solution is made by using lukewarm water to which has been added sodium fluoride at the rate of 1 ounce to each gallon of water. Each bird is submerged in this solution, and held there for a few seconds while the feathers are thoroughly ruffled so that the solution may penetrate to the |