Sheep and goat vaccine and health management schedule

              1Respectively, Extension Livestock Specialist, Department of Extension Animal Sciences
and Natural Resources; Superintendent, Corona Range and Livestock Research Center; and
Extension Veterinarian, Department of Extension Animal Sciences and Natural Resources,
New Mexico State University.
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURAL, CONSUMER AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
aces.nmsu.edu/pubs • Cooperative Extension Service • Guide B-127
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Sheep and Goat Vaccine and Health Management Schedule
Marcy Ward, Shad Cox, and John Wenzel1
Most livestock vaccine and health management protocols revolve around the animal’s stage of pro­duction. For sheep and goats, it is recommended to vaccinate prior to lamb­ing, weaning, and breed­ing. The purpose of this publication is to offer a guide in establishing a health management sched­ule. Every operation is unique, and it is therefore imperative that producers consult with their veteri­narian before establishing a specific vaccination and health protocol.
Table 1 provides infor­mation on vaccine tim­ing, recommended and optional vaccines, and covered diseases.
THINGS TO CONSIDER
•
Read all labels carefully before administering vaccines or other treatments.
•
For optimal parasite control, a fecal egg count should be done to assess level of infestation, and may determine potential anthelmintic resis­tance. Your veterinarian can assist you with this process.
•
When treating for parasites, it is now recommended that you remain consistent with your de-worming protocol. The key is to get the appro­priate dose per animal. Animals that are under-dosed have an increased risk of becoming anthelmintic-resistant.
•
In arid regions, worming may only be required once a year.
© hotservis | Pixabay.comGuide B-127 • Page 2
Table 1. Recommended Vaccine and Health Management Schedule for Sheep and Goats
Stage of production
Timing
Recommended vaccines/health management
Diseases covered
Optional
vaccines*
Pregnant sheep
and goats
2–4 weeks prior to lambing or kidding
•
Clostridium perfringens types C and D and tetanus. Will need to use cattle vac­cines labeled safe for sheep and goats.
•
Topical external parasite control (permethrin)
Clostridium perfringens types C and D and tetanus
Keds and lice in sheep
Kid goats
At lambing or kidding
•
Topical and drench worm­ers to dams
Prevents internal parasite
infestation
SE/vitamin E can help prevent white muscle disease
New lambs
Lambs 2 weeks of age
•
Dock tails and castrate
300 I.U. teta­nus antitoxin, if dam was not vaccinated dur­ing gestation
30 days after lamb­ing or kidding. Booster at 45 days (2 weeks later).
•
Clostridium perfringens types C and D antitoxin
Enterotoxemia
Ovine ec­thyma for soremouth
Ewes and does
60–30 days
pre-breeding
•
Campylobacter fetus-jejuni bacterin
•
Chlamydia psittaci ewe vaccine
•
Clostridial 8-way (once)
•
Caseous lymphadenitis (CL)
Vibriosis (late-term abortions)
Chlamydia (late-term abor­tions; vaccine can be used in both sheep and goats)
Eight clostridial strain
bacterial diseases
CL, a contagious bacterial disease that causes skin lesions and abscesses
Bucks and rams
30–60 days
pre-breeding
•
Clostridial 8-way
•
Anthelmintic (de-wormer)
Eight clostridial strain bac­terial diseases
Prevents parasite infestation
*Optional vaccines may be recommended by your personal veterinarian.Guide B-127 • Page 3
Figure 1. An example animal health protocol with corresponding schedule in a farm flock situation.
Figure 2. An example animal health protocol with corresponding schedule for sheep and goats on range.Guide B-127 • Page 4
Contents of publications may be freely reproduced, with an appropriate citation, for educational purposes. All other rights reserved. For permission to use publications for other purposes, contact pubs@nmsu.edu or the authors listed on the publication. New Mexico State University is an equal opportunity/affirmative action employer and edu­cator. NMSU and the U.S. Department of Agriculture cooperating.
May 2020 Las Cruces, NM
•
For external parasites like keds and ticks, topical permethrin-based products work well.
○○
Caution: Avoid applying to dairy goats. Zeta-cy­permethrin products can be used as an alternative.
○○
Depending on weather and level of infestation, a second dose may be needed two weeks later to sufficiently treat the animals.
•
Ewe lambs and doelings will require an additional dose (total of three) of both Campylobacter and Chlamydia vaccines to ensure full protection prior to their first breeding season.
•
Older sheep and goats who have been properly vac­cinated as young animals should only require an­nual vaccines covering the clostridial (i.e., 8-way) and anti-abortive vaccines (i.e., Vibrio).
•
Clostridial vaccines can be highly reactive at the vaccination site. To reduce blemishes, use clean, high-gauge needles (18 g) and subcutaneous ad­ministration techniques.
To learn more about parasite management, refer to NMSU Extension Guide B-112, Guide for Control of External Parasites of Sheep and Goats (https://aces.nmsu.edu/pubs/_b/B112.pdf).
LIST OF TABLE PHOTO CREDITS
Photo of pregnant doe: © Alex Dawson | Flickr
Photo of kid goats: © hotservis | Pixabay.com
Photo of new lambs: © Paul Chamberlain | Flickr
Photo of ewes: © Arbutus | Flickr
Marcy Ward is the Extension Livestock Specialist at NMSU. She received her B.S. and M.S. in animal science from Colorado State University and NMSU, respectively, and her Ph.D. in ruminant nutrition from North Dakota State Uni­versity. She was most recently the Beef Program Director at Colby Community College in Colby, KS.
REFERENCES
Hines, M.E. 2013. Enterotoxemia in sheep and goats. University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine. Retrieved June 4, 2018, from https://vet.uga.edu/news/view/enterotoxemia_in_sheep_and_goats
Odendaal, M.W., and N.P.J. Kriek. 2004. Tetanus. In J.A.W. Coetzer and R.C. Tustin (Eds.), Infectious Diseases of Live­stock, vol. 3 (pp. 1878–1884). Oxford University Press.
Scott, P.R. 2018. Pasteurella and Mannheimia pneumonias in sheep and goats. Merck Veterinary Manual. Retrieved May 1, 2018, from https://www.merckvetmanual.com/respiratory-system/respiratory-diseases-of-sheep-and-goats/pasteurella-and-mannheimia-pneumonias-in-sheep-and-goats